The Heavy Weight: Why HREEs are the Critical Chokepoint

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In the world of critical minerals, “Rare Earth” is a misnomer. Some, like Cerium, are as common as copper. The real crisis lies in the “Heavies.” The Lanthanide series is split into two camps: the Light Rare Earth Elements (LREEs) and the Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs). While LREEs are abundant globally, HREEs—specifically Dysprosium (Dy) … Read more

Niobium: The Silent Partner in Green Infrastructure

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When we talk about “Green Technology,” we usually picture solar panels and wind turbines. We rarely picture steel bridges. Yet, the decarbonization of the steel industry is one of the most critical steps in fighting climate change. This is where Pyrochlore enters the equation. The Physics of Lightness Pyrochlore is the world’s primary source of … Read more

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